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What is the difference between a house and a home?

We all know a house provides shelter, but a home is the smell of cookies coming out of the oven and laughter around the dining room table over a board game. 

A home is the personalities, sights, and sounds that bring a place to life鈥攁nd the comforts we rely on.

THE NEW HVAC GUIDE鈥擟REATED JUST FOR YOU

We鈥檝e created this HVAC guide because your home鈥檚 HVAC is vital to your family鈥檚 comfort and well-being. Whether you're dealing with a scorching summer or a frigid winter, your HVAC system works tirelessly to maintain your ideal indoor environment. 

Like any complex system, your HVAC is made of numerous interconnected parts. Small issues can quickly develop into major problems if not addressed properly.

In this comprehensive HVAC beginners鈥� guide for homeowners, we'll cover everything you need to know about your HVAC system, from the basics to maintenance, energy-efficient HVAC ratings, and modern innovations.

Need help now? Call ARS now at 866-399-2885 for help with your HVAC system.

Table of Contents

• Understanding Your HVAC System
• Types of HVAC Systems
• HVAC Maintenance Guide
• HVAC Efficiency Tips: How To Lower Your Energy Bills
• Common HVAC Problems
• Indoor Air Quality & Ventilation
• Replacing or Upgrading Your HVAC System
• Modern Upgrades: What's New With HVAC Systems
• ARS Is Here To Help!

UNDERSTANDING YOUR HVAC SYSTEM

HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. But, the true meaning of HVAC is its purpose: providing year-round comfort by keeping you cool in the scorching summer and warm through the bite of winter. 

Every element of an HVAC system plays an important role in regulating your home鈥檚 temperature, so let鈥檚 take a look at the key components:

• Refrigerant: Circulates through the HVAC system to absorb and release heat. Refrigerant is used in both heating and cooling operations.

• Evaporator coils: Absorbs heat from the air and works with the system鈥檚 refrigerant to cool your home.

• Compressor: Pressurizes the refrigerant to create transferable heat by converting it between liquid and gas.

• Condenser: Releases heat outside during cooling cycles.

• Air distribution: Disperses conditioned air to every room in your home through a network of insulated ductwork and access vents.

• Blower motor: Moves air throughout your home鈥檚 ductwork while controlling the airflow speed.

• Thermostat: Monitors temperature to control your HVAC system鈥檚 operations and regulate processes that maintain the desired temperature.

TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS

While the goal of every HVAC to maintain a consistent and comfortable home temperature holds true for different types of systems, there are many design approaches. The following breakdown of different HVAC options can help you determine which HVAC type and size is right for your home.

CENTRAL AIR

Central air is a whole-home cooling and heating solution that uses ductwork to distribute conditioned air throughout your home. It comprises an outdoor compressor, condenser, indoor evaporator, and air handler.

Central air systems are best for new homes and homes with ductwork from a prior installation. They are perfect for homes ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 square feet, whereas larger homes may require multiple units. These systems should have a seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) of 21+.

PROS

• Whole-home coverage

• Consistent temperature

• Hidden ductwork

• Long lifespan with proper maintenance

• Good resale value

• Advanced filtration options

CONS

• Expensive installation, especially without existing ductwork

• Leaked air potential

• Too much power for small homes

• Required duct cleaning

• Less flexible zoning choices

DUCTLESS MINI-SPLIT

A ductless mini-split system has an outdoor compressor and condenser and one or more indoor air-handling units in the form of small conduits carrying refrigerant.

This system is perfect for homes without ductwork or where installing ductwork would be too difficult. The mini-split is ideal for homes as small as 150 square feet up to 3,000 square feet, with each indoor unit covering a maximum of 800 feet.

A SEER rating of 30+ is ideal.

PROS

• No ductwork required

• Individual room control

• Easy installation

• Great energy efficiency

• Quiet operation

• Flexible installation choices

CONS

• Expensive 

• Multiple required indoor units

• Potentially displeasing aesthetics of wall-mounted units

• Continuous unit cleaning

• Insufficient heat for extreme climates

HEAT PUMP

The heat pump is a versatile system that creates heat and cold by extracting heat from outside air when warming, reversing the process for cooling. Heat pumps are best in moderate climates for homes with quality insulation.

Homes could be any size from 800 to 4,500 square feet. Heat pumps should ideally have a SEER rating of 22 for cooling and a heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) of 13. 

PROS

• Heating and cooling in one system

• Highly energy efficient

• Comparatively low operational costs

• Ecologically friendly

• Safer than combustion-based systems

• Year-round water heating

CONS

• High initial installation cost

• Backup heat source required in extreme cold

• Professional installation required

• Complex maintenance routine

• Shorter lifespan than traditional furnaces

HYBRID SPLIT

A hybrid split combines an electric heat pump with a gas furnace, optimizing efficiency and performance. 

A hybrid is effective for homes between 1,500 and 5,000 square feet but can also be sized for larger homes. The best scenario is for a hybrid split to have a SEER of 22 and an annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) of 98% for the gas furnace.

PROS

• Efficient under all weather conditions

• Automatic fuel source selection

• Low operating costs

• Quality comfort control capabilities

• Ecologically friendly

• Long lifespan when properly maintained

CONS

• High installation costs

• Gas and electric connections required

• Numerous components to maintain

• Professional service required

• Expensive to maintain

• More space required than single-fuel systems

HVAC MAINTENANCE GUIDE

We rely on HVAC systems to run seamlessly in the background 24/7/365, and with proper care and maintenance, modern systems can provide this important convenience for many years. 

Beyond extending your system鈥檚 lifespan, maintenance also helps you maximize the unit's efficiency, saving on energy costs while gaining the best performance.

While it鈥檚 always the safest bet to have a professional technician manage year-round maintenance for your HVAC, let鈥檚 look at the tasks that a professional should always handle. We鈥檒l also look at a seasonal checklist to help you keep on top of regular maintenance.

PROFESSIONAL MAINTENANCE SERVICES

Having a reliable HVAC company provide yearly maintenance can mean fewer furnace or air conditioner repairs since they inspect each component and catch potential issues early. This also helps avoid system failures during peak usage. Always leave the following to an expert:

• Tightening electrical connections

• Inspecting hoses and belts

• Lubricating moving parts

• Measuring system pressure

• Checking refrigerant leaks

• Inspecting fuel connections

• Testing combustion and heat exchangers

• Cleaning the evaporator and condenser coils

• Checking refrigerant levels

• Testing the low-water cutoff

• Inspecting ductwork

SEASONAL CHECKLIST

• Replace/change air filters (every 30鈥�90 days).

• Clean condensers and evaporator coils.

• Look for mold or debris.

• Recharge refrigerant and check leaks.

• Check the thermostat.

• Assess fan motor operation.

• Check blowers and blades.

• Check and clear drain lines and pans.

• Inspect and replace worn belts and pulleys.

• Lubricate bearings, motors, and other moving parts.

• Inspect heating elements.

• Inspect the ignition burner assembly.

• Check for gas leaks and test gas pressure.

• Ensure the furnace and flue system are properly connected.

• Inspect all wiring and electrical connections.

• Verify heat pump operation.

Keep your HVAC system at optimal performance year-round by contacting our experts at 866-399-2885 for regular maintenance. 

HVAC EFFICIENCY TIPS: HOW TO LOWER YOUR ENERGY BILLS

In addition to proper maintenance, there are other things you can do to get the most from your HVAC system. The average US home with central air, but the following practices help you save on energy costs:

• Set your thermostat to 78掳F when home in summertime.

• Set the temperature higher when you aren鈥檛 home in the summer and lower in the winter.

• Set temperatures automatically with a smart thermostat.

• Keep all your vents open and unobstructed.

• Circulate your air with ceiling fans.

• Keep your interior doors open to distribute air more efficiently.

• Block summer heat with window coverings.

• Ensure attics and ductwork are properly insulated.

• Seal air leaks around your windows and doors.

Additionally, consider a variable speed handler, which can reduce air circulation speed and improve your system鈥檚 efficiency.

COMMON HVAC PROBLEMS

Every HVAC system runs into issues at some point, so it鈥檚 helpful for homeowners to be aware of signs a system needs a professional to check things out.

• Temperature issues: Pay attention to temperature swings, uneven heating or cooling from one room to another, and your system struggling to hit its target temperature.

• Unusual sounds: If you hear unusual squealing, screeching, grinding, rattling, or buzzing, have a professional technician take a look.

• Performance issues: If your HVAC is running constantly to control the temperature, cycling on and off more often, or has weak airflow, these are all signs of potentially serious concerns that need a professional.

• Electrical issues: If you smell burning, see sparks, or deal with frequently tripped breakers, schedule a technician immediately.

• Refrigerant issues: Signs of low refrigerant levels or a leak include low cooling performance, ice forming on the main unit or lines, and hissing sounds. 

• Gas issues: If you smell gas or notice issues with your pilot light, reach out to a professional.

While it鈥檚 valuable to be aware of any signs you need a professional, be mindful not to try to fix HVAC issues on your own. This can potentially void your manufacturer warranty, risk your safety, and lead to more costly repairs.

Call us at 866-399-2885 if you鈥檙e experiencing any of these issues.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY & VENTILATION

You can think of your HVAC system as your home鈥檚 lungs, with ductwork passing oxygen across the body of rooms. 

Properly maintained and with optimal humidity levels, your HVAC can deliver healthy air that reduces allergens and prevents mold growth and similar issues. The opposite is also true鈥攁 poorly maintained system can lead to poor indoor air quality.

Below, we discuss air purification and humidity information.

INDOOR HUMIDITY CONTROL

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends an .

Excessive humidity (above 50%) causes condensation on windows, musty odors, mold, and other issues. Humidity below 30% leads to static electricity, dry skin, respiratory irritation, and similar problems. Low humidity can be improved with a home humidifier solution.

Your HVAC鈥檚 air conditioner setting dehumidifies air when passing warm air over cold evaporator coils. Your heating system can dry your indoor air to the point where you need a whole-house humidifier or other solutions.

AIR PURIFICATION

We鈥檒l look at four types of air purification: filtration, active purification, air cleaning, and ventilation enhancements.

FILTRATION SYSTEMS

Filtration works by trapping particles and contaminants using:

• Standard air filters: Basic mesh that captures dust, lint, and pollen

• HEPA filters: High-efficiency filters that remove at least 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns

• Electronic air cleaners: Cleaners using electrical charges to trap particles on collector plates

• Media air cleaners: Pleated filters that capture smaller particles

ACTIVE AIR PURIFICATION

These neutralize or destroy contaminants instead of capturing them:

• UV air sanitizers: Ultraviolet light kills microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and mold spores.

• UV-C light systems: Shortwave ultraviolet light breaks down microorganisms.

• Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO): UV light converts contaminants into harmless substances.

AIR CLEANING DEVICES

These involve several different technologies:

• Ionizers: Charged particles that cause airborne contaminants to stick to surfaces

• Advanced dehumidification systems: Remove excess moisture during air filtering

• Whole-home air cleaners: Integrated systems combining multiple purification processes

VENTILATION ENHANCEMENT

Ventilation systems manage indoor and outdoor air:

• Energy recovery ventilators (ERV): ERVs transfer heat and moisture while freshening indoor air with outdoor air.

• Heat recovery ventilators (HRV): HRVs are the same but focus on heat transfer with exchanging moisture.

REPLACING OR UPGRADING YOUR HVAC SYSTEM

Regular maintenance is known to extend the life of your HVAC and help reduce costly repairs, but there comes a time when it鈥檚 better to invest in a new system than to continuously make more expensive repairs.  A high-efficiency HVAC can and 10% for gas systems.

Signs it鈥檚 time to replace your HVAC include:

• Your HVAC is 15鈥�20 years old or older.

• They no longer make replacement parts for your system.

• The warranty no longer covers part replacements.

• The technology is no longer efficient.

• You鈥檙e experiencing uneven heating or cooling.

• There is excessive noise from your system.

• Your HVAC frequently cycles on and off.

• It takes longer to reach the set temperature.

• Multiple expensive components need to be replaced.

• Monthly energy costs are excessive.

• Your unit requires more frequent repairs.

HOW TO CHOOSE AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT SYSTEM

There are a few ratings to learn to watch for when choosing the right energy-efficiency system for your home:

• SEER rating (seasonal energy efficiency ratio): Look for a minimum of 13. Higher numbers indicate greater efficiency. A SEER rating of 16鈥�21+ is ideal.

• AFUE rating for furnaces: This deals with heating efficiency. You鈥檙e looking for a number from 80鈥�98%.

• Energy Star certification: This is a strict efficiency rating that verifies quality performance for . These systems often qualify for rebates or tax credits.

HOW TO GET A PROFESSIONAL INSTALLATION QUOTE

A quote should include the system specifications, installation timeline, labor and equipment costs, warranty information, required permits, and removing your old system.

Before agreeing to an installation, be sure you know:

• The installation team鈥檚 certifications

• Warranty details

• Maintenance plan options

• Guarantees of energy efficiency

• Payment options

Ready to determine the best HVAC for your home? Give us a call at 866-399-2885 today.

MODERN UPGRADES: WHAT'S NEW WITH HVAC SYSTEMS

There are remarkable innovations taking place in HVAC design, from futuristic features to improvements in efficiency with the goal of 鈥渘et zero鈥濃�攃reating an HVAC system that performs at top efficiency, producing as much energy as it uses. 

ENERGY RECOVERY VENTILATION (ERV) SYSTEMS

ERV technology is revolutionizing indoor air quality and efficiency by capturing energy from outgoing air and pre-conditioning fresh incoming air. This reduces the energy it takes to heat or cool fresh air as it enters your home.

The latest systems transfer heat and moisture through heat exchange cores, maintaining the perfect indoor humidity levels. Some ERV systems have efficiency rates as high as 85%.

ADVANCED DEHUMIDIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Excessive humidity causes discomfort, making us feel hotter than we otherwise would. It also leads to unhealthy mold growth, dust mites, and other allergens that cause health problems.

Reducing unwanted humidity addresses those issues while helping air conditioners operate more efficiently and save energy.

The latest advancement in dehumidification is an innovative range of materials called metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MOF-based HVAC units can than traditional units. This innovation helps homeowners significantly lower energy costs, especially in humid climates.

AI INTEGRATION IN HVAC SYSTEMS

It seems like AI is everywhere, but you wouldn鈥檛 think of using it for your HVAC system. Modern AI-enabled systems learn from your preferences and habits using machine learning (ML) to anticipate your needs and adjust conditions to meet your ideal comfort.

ML also allows systems to predict potential issues that require maintenance. 

SMART HVACS

The integration of smart technology into HVAC systems has created unprecedented levels of control and efficiency. 

AI and ML learn to optimize your HVAC鈥檚 performance for comfort and efficiency by detecting when rooms are occupied, relying on weather forecasts, and using data from local sources and sensors.

Smart thermostats generate usage reports that guide homeowner decisions regarding operating times and settings.

Smartphone apps allow homeowners to change settings and monitor performance from anywhere, while sensors prevent decreased performance by alerting unusual patterns that signal the need to change a filter or prevent a part failure.

ARS IS HERE TO HELP!

Your HVAC profoundly affects more than temperature: It can improve indoor air quality, humidity control, and overall lifestyle. We hope this HVAC learning guide has been helpful, but we can go beyond that.

ARS is committed to providing our customers with the absolute best options for their home. Our certified technicians are there for you in any situation, whether routine maintenance or a comprehensive installation. 

Schedule an appointment or call us at 866-399-2885 today to see how we can serve you!